Leadership, Management and Ethics - 1228 Words

Ethics Leadership and Ethical Decision-Making INTD670-1202B-01 Phase 1 DB 2 Leadership, Management, and Ethics Professor Cynthia Roundy CTU Deborah Lam May 21, 2012 As the new leader and compliance officer with ECG I want to go over and discuss how a leader and a manager are different, and a definition of what a leader is and what a manager is. This document will also cover the responsibilities and accountabilities are for a leader and how the new leader will impact ECG. A manager is someone who is in leads of a certain group of tasks, or a certain part of a company. They usually have workers who report to them, (Business Dictionary.com, 2012). A leader is someone who influences a group of people†¦show more content†¦There are also differences between the two like: management is task-oriented and leadership is more inspirational and visionary. The definitions are different for both; however it is also possible for someone to work effectively in performing both fields, (Ricketts, n.d.). John Kotter stated that leadership is thought of as an old concept which has been around for centuries, and management is a new concept that has only bee n around the last one-hundred years, and all this change happened during the industrial revolution. The scientific methods can be divided into three approaches which are the trait era, the behavior era, and the contingency era. The trait era was dominant from 1880 to 1940 and it claimed that leaders possessed qualities that pressed them towards leadership roles. The behavior era was dominant from 1940 – 1970 and the benefit of this era or the trait era is that behaviors could be observed, measured and taught. These first two eras were similar. The contingency era started in 1960 and continues still today, (Leadership, and Ethical Decision-Making, 2012). Leadership and management overlap each other; when managers influence their employees to meet their goals, they are doing this under leadership. When leaders are involved in planning, organizing, staffing, or controlling they are doing this within management: even though there are differences between leadership and management, they may never be completelyShow MoreRelatedCombining Military Leadership With Civilian Management Work Ethics2575 Words   |  11 Pagesdo military trained personnel feel they have better work ethic than their civilian counterparts and vice versa? Peter D. Feaver (2001) fellow researcher of the international security program noted a statement by former Secretary of Defense William Cohen declared that a chasm is opening between the military and civilian worlds. Even though civilians have good work ethics, military personnel have the equally valuable yet different work ethics because of the training they received. A study, conductedRead MoreEthical Behavior Is Distinguishing And Performing One s Actions1490 Words   |  6 Pagesaccording to individuals, customs, morals and beliefs. 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(AilonRead MoreEthics And Corporate Social Responsibility1637 Words   |  7 PagesPractices of Leadership contributed to Managing Sustainability: Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in the post-bureaucratic era. â€Å"Leadership is the process of directing, controlling, motivating and inspiring staff toward the realization of stated organizational goals† (Clegg, S.R. Kornberger, M. Pitsis. 2011, p.126.) Leadership in the post-bureaucratic era is essential for the success of a company, and also plays part into the Sustainability of Ethics and Corporate Social ResponsibilityRead MoreThe Five Business Ethics Myths Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Ethics Misconceptions Trevino Brown (2004) in Academy of Management Executives talked about the five business ethics myths. 1. It is easy to be ethical 2. Unethical behavior in business results from bad people 3. A formal code of ethics is the easiest way to manage them 4. Principled leadership revolves around your leaders 5. 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Their ethics help us determine right from wrong. â€Å"Values are attitudes towards things like truths, justice, honesty etc.†( Nieuwenhuizen, Oosthuizen Drotskie 2012:95) Ethics and values are important within a business organisation because they influence morals and decisions within an organisation and need toRead MoreLeadership, Trustworthiness And Ethical Stewardship1832 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Ethical Leadership 1 Ethical Leadership Leadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship Leadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship The problem to be investigated is; how the leaders manage to stay ethical in their role while maintaining trust with the followers and focus on organisational goals. Most of the times, the biggest responsibility of leaders is to lead the team of the people to achieve organisational goals willingly. 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The Students Language Learners ( Ells ) - 1641 Words

Within the past ten years, the number of English Language Learners (ELLs) has doubled. An increase of more than 2 million ELL students in the U.S schools, left professionals within the field of education with no choice but to face the challenge of understanding cultural differences. In addition to this, educators must understand how these differences affect students’ language development, learning style, academic achievement and most importantly, his or her performance on standardized tests. These differences must be understood, valued and respected by all service providers, especially those who are involved in the decision making process concerning the placement of students in special educational programs. (Roseberry-McKibbin, 2014). One approach that values ELLs’ cultural characteristics and differences is the use of efficacious and nonbiased standardized tests that are culturally and linguistically sensitive. In fact, the use of culturally and linguistically biased tests is specifically against the federal laws (Payne, 2010). Therefore, the testing process should include instruments and procedures that are sensitive only in differentiating a normal behavior from a pathological one. However, in the development of most of the available standardized tests, the samples tested did not include enough students from different cultural groups. This neglect causes the tests to be considered culturally biased and discriminatory, and they should not be used with multiculturalShow MoreRelatedBilingual Language Learners ( Ell ), And Students1202 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There are so many diverse student groups in the United States. Two that are really of interest to me are English language learners (ELL), and students in foster care. Though they have many similarities, they are also vastly different. A.1. Definition and Demographics ELL students are either students whose first language is not English or who were raised speaking another language in their home. ELL students made up about 9% of public school students in the United States during the 2014/2015Read MoreThe Academic Achievement Gaps Between Ell Students And Native English Language Learners1241 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to (),â€Å"English language learners face many obstacles when reading literature in English. Most literature is culture bound. We expect students to have prior knowledge of literary genres such as fairy tales, myths, legends, and tall tales. If the teacher has not activated prior knowledge or built background information, knowing the vocabulary will not solve the problem. ELLs may be able to read the words but it doesn t mean they will understand the text. 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This is a benefit to theirRead MoreLanguage Acquisition Principles for ELL Students Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage Acquisition Principles for ELL Students Abstract Within this paper we will take a brief look at the Language Acquisition Principles and how they work on the behalf of ELL students. We will see how these principles can be applied within our own learning environment. There is much information from Walqui article that gives a brief overview of ELL students and how things looked in the past for these students. Now that times has change we will see how educators can make the requirementsRead MoreEnglish Language Learners ( Ells )1269 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish language learners (ELLs) are people who have to acquire a second additional language and culture. In another words, ELLs are people who do not speak English as their first language. 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How will the math achievement levels of third grade students who participate in a one-way simultaneous bi-literacy dual language immersion program compare to third grade English Language Learner students in a traditional ELL service model as measured

Ethical Approaches of Apple and FBI †Free Assignment Sample

Question: This is a case study analysis which requires you to research the case and then critically apply and/or evaluate the application of theory in this situation. The assessment is focussed on the identification of the theory features application of the theory. Restating the theory or facts from the case does not meet the assessment grading criteria. Please refer to the assessment guidelines as shown in the PowerPoint slides. Answer: Introduction This particular paper is critically developed because of the significant refusal of Apple Inc. to the requests of police and military authorities of for unlocking the mobile phone of a suspected terrorist. This particular scenario involving the Apple and the federal agency of United States of America gives rise to the emergence of multiple ethical constraints within the modern day global environment. The particular action behind such a refusal made by Apple should need to be discussed to develop a proper understanding of the chosen context (Baggini, 2012). The scenario began with the individual practice of Apple back in 2014 when the company decided to introduce a unique and enhanced encryption protocol for different apps in its iPhone models. With the launch of the new encryption module in September 2014 and integrated into the particular operating system of its iPhone devices, it becomes almost impossible for the company to break into the information shared by its users upon the re quest of different investigators. The particular consequence of the identified situation is profoundly distinct from the past example, where investigators from various authoritative agencies can have the access to the devices designed and manufactured by the company if a proper search warrant is provided to the headquarter of Apple (Boatright, 2013). It is further observed that this sudden shift in a decision made by the corporation is based on addressing the increasing amount of responses related to the different concerns over the digital privacy and lack of trusts among the population about the various activities of the digital spies of America. The particular trend among the people emerged following the incident related to the significant disclosures from Edward Snowden, a former contractor for the National Security Agency (Bowie, 2013). Hence, it is necessary to examine and evaluate the indeed identified case for critically applying the theoretical application in accordance with the particular situation in the global environment. Critical Discussion Based on the information obtained from analysing an article as part of Blogmaverick, produced in February 2016, it can be determined that FBI instructed Apple to develop a particular version of iOS, which would allow the FBI to install the same version on the phone used by the terrorist. The primary intension of such instruction was to make use of the brute force method for pushing through all the password combinations associated with the phone until the iPhone gets unlocked (Bredeson, 2012). The principle objective behind such an instruction given the by the FBI is to search and examine any information that would assist them to investigate the horrific act of terrorism. Therefore, it can be observed that the increasing importance is provided to this particular ethical dilemma due to the alarming impact of raising terrorism affecting the global economy and national treasures of the leading countries. In this case, the refusal made by Apple is because the expected intension of FBI has no certainty of achieving a successful accomplishment if Apple complies with such an order (Collins, 2012). For an example, if the terrorist in possession with the particular phone uses a variety of numbers, letters, and symbols to (or intending to) constructing the password, it would take years to crack such pin for the official agencies to unlock the phone. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the individual did not use a third party application, which does not have any additional encryption in case the agency is successful in terms of accessing the phone. Not necessarily, the third party apps or systems, the FBI can encounter with different apps designed by Apple (Crane Matten, 2012). These particular facts have led Apple to make such a decision to counter the request made by the FBI. By conducting an in-depth analysis, the result of the specific approach made by the company back in 2014 leads all the data in the Apples devices to become encrypted by default. Due to the encryption, the users will require a passcode to access the data stored on the instrument once it is locked, and the ten repeatedly failed attempt will automatically erase the particular information. Influenced by the Edward Snowden revelations, the appropriate decision to encrypt Apple makes the data for forming a proper response (Firth, 2012). The absolute strength of the encryption applied by Apple suggests that even the staffs of the company cannot have the access to the private data shared by its users as well. In this case, the theory related to the ethical dilemma can be observed critically. According to the statement made by Dave Lee of BBC, "Apple decided to enable encryption by default to avoid precisely this kind of ethical dilemma." Therefore, different ethical theories applying to the identified context should need to be elaborated with maintaining the proper discussion. Consequentialism Based on this particular theory, it rests on the development of actions depends on bringing ordinary consequences to the overall society by judging the majority of the context. It is expected that the substantial outcome of the activities followed by the company should need to bring positive implications to the overall community (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). The morality of the context is based on the specified portion of good and evil with the accordance to the perception of people regarding what is wrong, and what is right. Based on the definition of the society, the particular factors associated with the good or evil is developed. This particular fact leads to the ethical egoism stating that the actions engaged by a business should need to be formulated in a fashion to serve the best interest of the company in the long-running basis. Therefore, it can be critically analysed and determined that the consequentialism factor is adequately considered during the time of taking such a major decision in 2014 (Haukur Ingi Jo nasson. Ingason, 2013). It is observed that the particular decision made by the company serves the fundamental interest of the business for the long-term aspect. In the case of the personal egoism, the actions are defined according to the long run benefit of the individual or the business, where there is no mention about the reactions or responses of the other parties. Therefore, this particular theoretical application can also be found in the inevitable decision to form the encryption after the revelations of Edward Snowden. Apple Inc. does not consider it about the individual drawbacks would be faced by the investigative agencies of the sound level caused by the particular decision. Values Clarification The theory related to the values clarification or the philosophical relativism refers to the most valuable aspect is not developed by the belief of a certain individual, but it should need to be produced by evolving an awareness related to the feelings, values, and beliefs of the others (Jeffrey, 2013). Therefore, the particular definition of the theory suggests the consideration of the alternative models for shaping up the acting and thinking. Considering this particular acknowledgement, it can be determined that the individuals or the businesses gain their values by independently making their choices. On the other hand, it is also a major fact that the particular decisions affect the thinking of others. The certain scenario regarding the decision of Apple provided major influences to the police and military authorities of the country. Based on the specific discussion, it is ascertained that the businesses should need to be driven by their values, as these entities are always want to create values out of their products or services (Michalos, 2013). The organizations, in this case, should need to attempt to develop a proper clarification of the values by highly emphasising on their feelings related to the contemporary society as part of the business environment. The value clarification varies from one organization to another organization, which is dependent on the distinction of truths and beliefs. Therefore, the methodologies applied by multiple organization are also distinct from each other. The particular understanding leads Apple to take one of its vital decisions regarding the security modification in its iPhone products (Murdock Foster, 2012). The particular decision is based on providing values to the opinions of its users based on the appropriateness of actions safeguarding their personal data stored and sh ared with the device. Based on this particular analysis, it is reflected that Apple provides high value to its customers rather than the authoritative requests in order to promote the enhancement of its customer base and become the leader in its respective industry. Utilitarianism Based on the application of the utilitarianism concept, it emphasises on the development of a moral standard for the promotion of the best interest of the majority of the society in a long-running basis. In this situation, the factors concerned by everyone is described to provide the priority (Poruthiyil, 2013). Different experts are agreeing on the concepts of utilitarianism, simply defined as the utilitarianists, and provided importance to the intrinsic factors more precisely. These intrinsic factors are majorly observed to be happiness and pleasure. On the other hand, some other opinions suggest that power, beauty, or knowledge also serve mainly to the development of the intrinsic factors. The utilitarian action developed by an individual or business suggests the development of the action to the greatest ratio of good to the evil scenarios concerned with the particular environment of the firm. On the other hand, there is the involvement of the rule utilitarianism, which suggests t hat there is a specific utilitarian value in certain actions developed by the firm (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2012). Based on this particular fact, the general rules are adopted and implemented within the context of driving the business to the specific direction. In the case of Apple Inc., the refusal to grant the request of the FBI suggests the utilitarian approach, as the firm takes the particular decision with the aim of providing greater utility to its users based on the maintenance of privacy and safety from the outside interference. This is the vital fact, which leads the significant approach of the company to be criticised by the administrative bodies of the global environment. Ethical Approaches of Apple and FBI The global technologic industry has experienced a major uproar over the incident related to the revelation of a series of court orders instructing Apple Inc. to come into the settlement with the FBI to assist their process of investigation. The FBI seeks the help of Apple in order to crack into the iPhone of the deceased San Bernardino shooters named Tashfeen Malik and Syed Rizwan Farook (Rothlin Haghirian, 2013). In a public letter towards its customers, the CEO, Tim Cook, on behalf of Apple Inc. denied any associated with the government for providing them the access to their encrypted system. On the other side, the FBI countered their particular request by stating that the petition is highly reasonable in terms of bringing justice to the victim due to the special act of terrorism. Therefore, the major question pertaining the core ethical dilemma arising out of the scenario is based on whether a company is liable to develop a mechanism for the law and enforcement authorities to pro vide them the needful assistance related to its design. Here, the assistance suggests any kind of compromise with the law and enforcement authority by the company related to the different security issues. By analysing the overall situation, it can be determined that such an incident gives rise to the significant amount of ethical dilemmas for the firms operating in the technology industry in the global as well as the national or regional environment (Shaw Barry, 2013). The customers and several important business relationships are highly affected due to the short-term impact of the scenario. On the other hand, the similar situation provokes the similar kind of demand from the government of other countries as well. The particular scene also depicts a long-term ethical dilemma by considering the efforts of the FBI. In this case, the efforts made by the FBI ultimately and ironically undermined the broader aims of the agency by insisting the company build their devices with maintaining the infiltrative design for accessing the critical data and information. Based on the overall investigation to this particular context, the precise incident between Apple and FBI is just the latest instance amongst the years-long battle between the privacy and security minded groups and the legal enforcement community (Tong, 2012). In the rise of technology in the modern day environment, the process of communication become increasingly and continuously digitalised leading the specified authorities to direct the industries for providing their assistance. The principal objective of such assistance is based on ensuring the establishment of the government backdoor for breaking the security technology. From the context of the technology industry, different companies and privacy activists vigorously opposed to kind of proposed government backdoor for safety and encryption technologies adopted in the related product designs. The involvement of different civil liability groups can be critically observed in this certain scenario. America Civil Liabilities Union (A CLU) and Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) safeguarded the particular right related to the privacy concern by stating the aspect as an incontrovertible (Zsolnai, 2013). Based on the analysis made by the computer scientist from the contemporary environment, it is pointed out that compromising with the law and enforcement authority or accepting the particular scheme by the government would cause the devastating security susceptibility for the wide range of users. This particular backdoor is also known as the golden keys, as the particular scheme will provide different facilities to the hackers around the world alongside the foreign governments to exploit the particular the particular information shared by the users. Therefore, the proper ethical response can be developed by judging the overall scenario (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2012). It should need to make sure that there is no transaction between the security and privacy concerns of the vast amount of users, as the process will we aken the security interest of every single individual by weakening the encryption. Conclusion Based on the statement included in the letter produced by the CEO of Apple Inc., Mr Tim Cook, the company has provided whatever the legal resources and directions to the legal enforcement committee in the previous context as well as the current investigation. However, Cook refused when the FBI asked the companys engineers to design them a tool, which will allow their agents to bypass the security system included in the iPhone devices. By looking at the scenario, it can be determined by considering the statement of Cook that Apple also wants to bring justice for the victims of the horrendous act of terrorism just like the legislative authority (Haukur Ingi Jo nasson. Ingason, 2013). However, complying with such a request of the institutional agencies would subsequently lead the scenario to violate the trust of its consumers fundamentally. Therefore, it would cost any tech giant to experience the major ethical dilemma by publicly compromising the particular integrity of the devices . It is unlikely that such a request would be a one-time deal with the legislative authorities of the country despite the assurance provided by the FBI Director James Comey. However, considering the significant concerns over the generated precedents and vulnerabilities due to the individual action, the particular ethical approach adopted by Apple Inc. can be stated rightful and appropriate. References Baggini, J. (2012).Ethics. London: Quercus. Boatright, J.(2013). Ethics in finance. Bowie, N. (2013).Business ethics in the 21st Century. Dordrecht: Springer. Bredeson, D. (2012).Applied business ethics. Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Collins, D. (2012).Business ethics. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Crane, A. Matten, D. (2012).New directions in business ethics. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Firth, L. (2012).Ethics in business. Cambridge: Independence. Halbert, T. Ingulli, E. (2012).Law ethics in the business environment. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Haukur Ingi Jo nasson., Ingason, H. (2013).Project ethics. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Jeffrey, C. (2013).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.

Internal Analysis of University of South Australia Essay Example

Internal Analysis of University of South Australia Essay The purpose of this report is to provide an internal analysis of the University of Australia, which is an organisation that operates in the Australian Transnational Education and Training Industry. In order to provide the analysis I have done the marketing mix using the 7Ps approach to describe the organisation. Then identified the strategy at business level using the 5 Question approach and explained how fuzzy the strategies were and how flexible the organisation is. Next I have done a SWOT analysis and identified the strategic capabilities of the organisation to explain what UniSA Is capable of and what strategies that needs to be focused on. Lastly to complete the analysis I have applied the balance scorecard method. From the analysis I have concluded to say that UniSA is doing well in the industry with high capabilities and the ability to grow more in the transnational level. The universities strategic alliances with many international organisations and the only university in Australia to have made an agreement with GradInternational for international job placements have attract many international students. Over all UniSA is strategically very well placed and is doing exceptionally well in the industry. Table of Contents Introduction4 Identifying and analyzing the existing strategy at Business Level5 SWOT Analysis6 Limitation of the SWOT analysis8 Analyzing UniSA’s current strategic capabilities using the 3 test We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Analysis of University of South Australia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Analysis of University of South Australia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Analysis of University of South Australia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Approach 9 Applying the Marketing Mix12 The 7P’s of Services based Marketing Mix14 Key Stakeholders15 Measuring Organisation Performance16 Conclusion17 Reference List18 Introduction Transnational education is the provision of education to international students by Australian providers offshore. A university may have campuses in other countries or have agreements with universities from other countries to deliver their courses so that students overseas could finish their course in full or part of it without having to come to Australia at all. The university of South Australia (UniSA) is one of the leading transnational organisations in Australia (UniSA, 2011). The purpose of this report is to analyse the internal environment using marketing theories such as the marketing mix, identifying the existing strategies and doing a SWOT analysis to identify the strategic capabilities of UniSA. UniSA is the largest university in South Australia, with 36,156 students, 2396 staff and five campuses and an annual revenue exceeding $457 million (UniSA,2011). UniSA has partnerships and agreements with institutions and government bodies in over 30 countries while offering students in four countries, Hong Kong, Malaysia, China and Singapore the opportunity to complete a UniSA degree in their home country (UniSA International, 2011). UniSA international leads the University of South Australia’s International engagement through the direction and management of international relations, student recruitment and related services to foster a diverse university community (UniSA International, 2011). There are three regional teams that undertake marketing, recruitment, enquiries management, admissions and applicant assessment, and processing of applications for international students. The three Regions are: Region 1: South East Asia (Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Vietnam, Lao and Cambodia), South Asia, the Pacific Nations, Africa and the Middle East Region 2  Ã‚  Ã‚   ? China, South East Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia) Region 3  Ã‚  Ã‚   ? Europe and the Americas, Japan and Korea, study abroad, and domestically based international students. The regional teams undertake marketing, recruitment, enquiries management, admissions and applicant assessment, and processing of applications for international students. Identifying and analyzing the existing strategy at Business Level Question| Determined Position| 1. Does the organization plan to grow? | According to the UniSA vision UniSA plans to grow in the future by being the leading contributor to Australia having the best education system in the world. According to the strategic plan UniSA wants to go into agreements with institutions in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore so that courses could be completed in those countries. UniSA seek to establish an innovative medical school that focuses on addressing the health needs of disadvantaged populations. UniSA also wants to create a university College that would assist more students to gain access to and succeed in our programs| 2. What services does it plan to produce? | UniSA offers over 500 courses that includes undergraduate, postgraduate and Research programs. It also plans to offer Diploma programs and more medical courses and research courses. UniSA will also continue to partner with oreign education providers in order to expand their transnational education offerings while planning to situate some of their campuses overseas. | 3. What customer and geographic markets does it plan to service? | Locally as one of the very few leading Universities in South Australia students in the state are focused uponInternationally mainly students in Hong Kong, Malaysia, China and SingaporeUniSA will continue to grow transnational by signing up new agreements internat ionally mainly focusing on South East Asia. | 4. What generic strategy does it plan to follow to position itself uniquely against competitors? | Creating world class research clusters and exciting research-intensive cultureBy working with high performance qualified staff and joining hands with prestigious partnersWorld brand recognition| 5. What position in the industry does it plan to hold in the future? | Vision : UniSA will be a leading contributor to Australia having the best higher education system in the worldMission: UniSA educates professionals and students to the highest standard| In order to start the internal analysis of UniSA I have identified the existing business strategy of the organisation by applying Hubbard’s five-question approach. There has been great emphasis in producing students with international and intercultural experience who can adapt to the ever-changing world and be recognized for their work internationally. However how they are going to achieve this is not very clear. In their strategic plan the main focus is on the students’ experience but the achievability and the measurability is questionable. Secondly they have focused on the transnational education providing it in more countries and planning to open up more campuses overseas. UniSA have taken the first and a big step in this by signing an agreement with IDP who is a large international education agent that liaise with overseas universities and students. Even though UniSA has made their strategic plan for 2020 and there are still more years to go the plan is not clear and very fuzzy. There goals are clear but how they plan to achieve is not very clear. Their plans are also long term and there is no explanation as to what they plan to achieve every five years. However having a fuzzy strategy makes an organisation flexible and the ability to adapt to the changing environment high. This could be beneficial in UniSA s case as a universities environment can constantly change. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method introduced by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in an organisation. It involves specifying the objectives of the organisation and identifying the external and internal factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Strengths * Research programs * Teaching assistance and training for the staff and lecturers * Global recognition| Weaknesses * Delay in introducing the new programs * Restructure in departments * Staffing departments | Opportunities * High student expectation * Government backing * Access to the global market * Diverse community| SO Strategies * UniSA delivers to the expectations of students and constant ly reviews their programs to make sure they are up to standards * Advertise and markets around the world saying that courses of UniSA is backed and quality approved by the government. Promote an encourage staff| WO Strategies * UniSA is making strategic alliances with other universities that will help setting up their medical school * UniSA is promoting international intellects to lecture and take part in teaching programs at UniSA * UniSA is appealing to the diverse community take part in activities together| Threats * Changing demographics in courses * Changing political environment in Australia and overseas * Emerging new niversities| ST Strategies * UniSA is updated on which courses are more popular and should be ready to deliver according to the demand * UniSA is stable and will be running their courses despite the government volatility in other countries| WT Strategies * UniSA is building campuses overseas * UniSA id hiring staff globally for their overseas and local campuses| Limitations of the SWOT analysis The SWOT framework emphasizes the elements of strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats but provides no real guidance on how organisations can indentify these elements for themselves. Even though the SWOT analysis is flexible it is very vague. It does not specify how to distinguish a threat over opportunities. Another draw back of the SWOT analysis is the lack of detail because there are no justifications required for the classification of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities or threats. I have classified each element in the strategic plan in the SWOT analysis according to how I feel fit. This may not be the case for everyone. Also there is no prioritization in elements, which are another important fact that the SWOT analysis ignores. Analyzing UniSA’s current strategic capabilities using the 3 test Approach Strategy| Is it valuable to the customers? | Is it better than the capabilities of most competitors? | Is it difficult to initiate or replicate? | Outstanding learning outcomes and the quality and richness of the student experience| Yes students will find this valuable as experience is critical in University life. | Yes most universities does not consider this a priority| Yes managing and implementing programs and activities take time| World-class research clusters and exciting, research-intensive culture| Yes UniSA is the only university in SA that gives research such prominence. Yes most universities does not offer this| Yes as introducing research and setting up the culture requires setting up a whole new department. | Innovative solutions to social, economic, political and technological challenges| Yes students will appreciate the work done for the community and the country| To a certain extent| Yes this is easier through research. | Innovative and excellence in teaching| Yes as the students will be happy to know that they are taught by and from the best| To a certain extent| No however will take time. Any university can initiate this as this just requires hiring the right staff. Even though it is possible it will take time. | Working well with the uni’s high-performing staff and prestigious national and international partners| A good relationship with the staff and the partners will be beneficial to the students as they will have better opportunities when the stake holders are happy| Yes| Yes forming relationships and maintaining is not that easy. Ability and adaptability in building and maintaining productive partnerships with industry, business and the community| Yes as adaptability according to stake holders will bring great opportunities to the students and the university| Yes as most universities does not give attention to these details| Yes forming relationships and maintaining is not that easy. Most universities are not flexible at all. Considerable and creative contribution to the prosperity and well-being of the nation| Yes everyone likes to think that they are hel ping the betterment of life in their country| Yes| Yes initiating it wouldn’t be that hard but to actually practice it will not be easy| Improving and expanding transnational education| This will make UniSA a more popular university globally and students will be happy to be recognized globally| Yes most competitors do not offer transnational education| Yes most universities do not have the capabilities and the resources to offer transnational education| From the above table we can see that all strategies do have value and most of them are superior to the ones of the competitors. UniSA has chosen its strategies smartly. This was done in 2008 as a review of the mission and vision statements and all information was taken from a report printed called Horizon. This report explains how these strategies were chosen after consultation with stakeholders of the university and according to the capacity and the capability. As a university with years of experience in excellence UniSA has the capability and the resources to make processors perfect. UniSA also has a big advantage due to the prestigious research programs that it offers. This gives UniSA a strategic advantage over many universities. The highly qualified and experienced staff and support team is an asset that UniSA boasts of through out the years. By years of implementing and experimenting activities and curricula’s now UniSA has the ability to provide its students a unique multicultural and innovative experience in university. As far as capabilities are concerned improving and expanding transnational education will be difficult for the university at the moment. UniSA is already introducing major courses such as medicine within the next year and most of the resources and focus has been on that. Even though these strategies are on hold temporarily it will be given attention soon as all these strategies are expected to be achieved in 2020 giving UniSA ample time. Appling the Marketing Mix The marketing mix is a set of marketing rules that are controllable that institutions use to produce the response it wants from various target markets (Ivy, 2008). It consists of everything that the university can do to influence the demand for the service that it offers. Tangible products usually uses a $P’s model, the services sector on the other hand uses a 7P’s approach in order to satisfy the needs of the service provider’s customers. Theses are product, price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical fasciitis and Processers (Ivy 2008). In the case of UniSA what is being sold is education while the customer are the students. Product| Price| Place | Promotion| People| Physical| Processors| Courses delivered in Australia on campusCourses delivered offshore off campusCourses delivered through the Open University, OnlineOne of the best and renown universities for its Research Expertise| Domestic full paying studentsGovernment subsidized domestic studentsInternational onshore and offshore full paying studentsScholarships for Domestic and International studentsConsulting fees for research students| 5 Campuses in Australia4 Campuses OverseasOnline EnrolmentSigned up with IDP who recruits students from over 40 countries| Is an innovative outward looking university with more than a century’s experienceOffers world class scholarships that meets the needs of the global community and solves real world problemsOver 500 courses available globally Multi cultural environment with support systems available| Well-experienced and highly qualified staff and executive board. Multicultural staffing boardTrained staff available to handle international studentsPeer monitoring programsLanguage assistance programs. | Campuses overseas and locallyEach campus with distinctive profiles offering modern and sophisticated facilities. Campuses located amidst cultural and educational precinct. All campuses are clean, safe and close to transport hubs| SO9001:2000 accredited organisationAQTF amp; AUQA compliantESOS compliant onshore and offshoreIn-house internal audit ensuring continuous improvement| The 7P’s of Services based marketing mix Key Stakeholders Stakeholders| What to do the stakeholders want from their involvement? | How consistent are the values and attitudes of the stakeholder with UniSA? Students| * Good education * Good university experience * Globally accepted qualification| Inconsistent – * Markets change * Demographics change * Students ideas and needs change| Employees| * Rewarding career * Fair pay * Good working environment| Consiste nt * There could be slight changes like the attitudes towards work but employee needs are mostly consistent| Governments| * High quality education provided to the students * High standards and results to stipulate funding| Variable * Due to political changes * Due to policy changes * Educational needs * Results| Overseas partners| * Economic benefit * Recognition| Consistent * Because what ever changes happen overseas partners would still expect the same from UniSA. | Stakeholder satisfaction is critical for successful organisations in a hypercompetitive environment (D’Aveni,2004). In order to complete the internal environment analysis it is important for UniSA to identify its main stakeholders. They are students and their families, employees, governments and overseas partners. Each stakeholder has different interests and different degrees of involvement in UniSA. Measuring Organisation performance I found very little information of UniSA performance to compare with the industry information. I have used the balanced scorecard method (BSM) with the available information. BSM ok Kaplan and Norton is a strategic approach and performance management system that enables organisations to translate a company’s vision and strategy into implementation working from 4 perspectives. 1. Financial Perspective 2. Customer perspective 3. Business process perspective 4. Financial Perspective Financially stable Achieves targets and is profitable Government funding Learning and growth perspective Learning and growth Business Process Perspective Vision And Strategy Maintain quality of programs delivered Make sure that the highest technology is available Perspective Add value by maintaining standards Expand the university capacity. Making sure to be successful In projects Customer Perspective Produce successful Graduates Provide support systems to students and staff The balance scorecard method requires four questions to be answered. They are: 1. How do we look to our stakeholders? From the above stakeholder analysis we can see the relationship between UniSA and its stakeholders and their expectations. 2. How do customers see us? Even though I have not done enough research on what students think of the university, the 56% increase in enrolments in courses and the constant expansion of the university tells us that UniSA has a good reputation built up over the years 3. What must we excel in? University has identified five corporate priorities that they believe that there is till room for improvement * Research education * Transnational education * Productivity and the work load of staff Costing and profitability analysis 4. Can we continue to improve and create value? I believe that UniSA can continue to do this as according to the 2009 annual report UniSA have exceeded the expectations of many with their constant growth and exceptional performance. They have met most of their strategies and made new ones to continue their succ ess Conclusion From the analysis in this report we can see that UniSA is a successful university in Australia with well defines strategies that are practiced and taken action on. There are areas that could be improved such as explanations and plans explaining how they can achieve their plans short term and on the long run. However over all we UniSA is strategically well positioned and is maintaining their standards while keeping its stakeholders happy and delivering to government requirements. Reference List IBISWorld (2011, April 18). University and other Higher Education in Australia (N8431). Retrived from IBISWorld database. Ivy,J. (2008). A new higher education marketing mix. International Journal of Educational Management,22(4)288-299. Doi 10. 1108/09513540810875635 Kaplan,R, amp; Norton,D. (2011). Balanced Scorecard Method. Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://www. valuebasedmanagement. net/methods_balancedscorecard. html Parsons. A, (2008) How important are Stakeholder Relationships. Retrieved May 1 , 2011, from http://www. albany. edu/~pm157/research/stakeholders. pdf University of South Australia (2002, September) From the Vice Chamcellor :UniSA News Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://www. unisa. edu. au/unisanews/archive/2002/unisanews_sept02_main. pdf UniSA (2011) Transnational partners Retrieved May 1 , 2011, from http://www. unisa. edu. au/partner/transnational/default. asp UniSA (2011) Marketing Positioning Retrieved May 1 , 2011, from http://www. unisa. edu. au/intagent/marketing/positioning. asp UniSA (2011) Ambitions, Strategic directions, Plans and commitments Retrieved May 1 , 2011, from http://www. unisa. edu. au/about/intro/strategies. asp UniSA (2011) Horizons 2020, Retrieved May 1 , 2011, from http://www. unisa. edu. au/horizon2020/default. asp