Peace Building and the Arts

World’s endeavor to encourage harmony in Middle East with the remainder of the world stays a test in the 21st century. While the US stays hopeful in the acknowledgment of this harmony, its relationship with the area slowly compromises the worldwide harmony. Studies uncover that the US approaches and techniques of harmony building are suitably inapplicable for the area. In view of ‘Shank and Schirch’ perusing, the exposition contends to legitimize human expressions based procedure as the perfect component for harmony working in the Middle East.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Peace Building and the Arts explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies show that expressions, for example, music, workmanship, and theater give a wide scope of assets for harmony building. Correspondence, association, instruction, and preparing are a portion of the devices for harmony building, which expressions sufficiently give. As one of the areas, wh ich profoundly maintain culture, expressions would effectively fill in as the proficient specialized instrument for harmony manufacturers in the Middle East. Through exhibitions, craftsmen, for example, artists convey the messages of harmony to the general public. Actually, as indicated by Shank and Schirch, Artists have utilized expressions â€Å"for hundreds of years to convey human experience† (218). It can too construct harmony in the greater part of these locales. Since most pieces of the world maintain music, the Middle East comprehensive, the message substance would arrive at across the board gatherings of individuals and consequently advance harmony inside the area. Hence, the US should hold onto expressions as a device for grasping of harmony as opposed to the military assaults to the locale. Furthermore, expressions result into associations that go about as vehicles of harmony. Albeit Hip-jump music dates its underlying foundations in America, it has spread to every where throughout the world with the specialists ‘virtually organized’ to take up arms against political clashes. African craftsmen have utilized Hip-bounce music to arrange and incite changes inside their social orders. Ghanaians for instance, through their Highlife type of Hip-jump, keep on bringing issues to light to positive outcomes on issues, for example, destitution, AIDS, and debasement. Association of youth through expressions would diminish the quantity of those engaged with savage acts and thus advancing harmony in the area. Thirdly, expressions go about as a type of training to the general public. Shank and Schirch bring up different methods of introducing craftsmanship and among them are representations, fictions, and execution. Artistic expressions, for example, carvings, which portray the impacts of rough acts, offer bits of knowledge of contentions to the general public. The message substance of music and topics of the theater exhibitions could give a hel pful base to instruction and preparing to the general public on harmony building. The harmony manufacturers in Middle East should exploit love for culture in the area and utilize social expressions, for example, cutting, theater to instruct and subsequently sustain peace.Advertising Looking for paper on universal relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, individuals who need self-assurance use brutality to communicate their complaints. Compromise specialists declare that music and theater exhibitions give self-assurance to the individuals. As Shank and Schirch note, â€Å"Artists can utilize visual, artistic, execution and development workmanship as limit building instruments to assemble self-confidence† (226). Expressions can hence give fearlessness to one’s articulation. The Middle East individuals ‘feel’ silly by the US and in this manner so as to communicate their displeasure along t hese lines, they assault the US and their partners. The harmony manufacturers ought to elevate expressions so as to make certainty inside the district. This will empower the individuals in that area to communicate certainty as opposed to taking part in assaults. The commitment of the Hip-jump music to harmony working in the US is the thing that I discovered intriguing in the perusing. From this content, it is striking that the individuals of color utilized Hip-bounce to battle for their opportunity consequently advancing harmony in the US. Rivals of military assaults in the Middle East utilize Hip-bounce to dissent to the administration. Is fascinating that most current Hip-jump music contains love and sexual data instead of harmony. Is this Hip-bounce or an alternate sort of craftsmanship? Works Cited Shank, Micheal, and Schirch, Lisa. â€Å"Strategic Arts-based Peacebuilding.† Peace and Change: a Journal of Peace Research 33.2 (2008): 217-242. Web. http://www.michaelshank.t v/ This exposition on Peace Building and the Arts was composed and put together by client Baylee Huffman to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Spanish Indirect-Object Pronouns

Spanish Indirect-Object Pronouns Spanish action words can be joined by immediate and circuitous articles. An immediate item is the thing or pronoun that the action word acts legitimately on, while a roundabout article is the individual influenced by the activity however not acted straightforwardly upon. So in a sentence, for example, I see Sam, Sam is the immediate object of see since Sam is the item that is seen. Yet, in a sentence, for example, I am composing Sam a letter, Sam is the aberrant article. The thing being composed is letter, so letter is the immediate item. Sam is the aberrant article as one who is influenced by the action words activity on the immediate item. Spanish Differentiates Betweem Direct and Indirect Objects In the event that youre learning Spanish, the differentiation can be essential to make since Spanish, in contrast to English, here and there utilizes various pronouns for immediate and aberrant articles. It is likewise critical to take note of that numerous Spanish sentences utilize aberrant item pronouns where an alternate development is utilized in English. For instance, me pintã ³ la casa would normally be deciphered as he painted the house for me. Truth be told, one indication of an aberrant item in English is that it for the most part can be comprehended, to utilize me for instance, concerning me or to me. For example, he got her the ring is equivalent to he purchased the ring for her. In that first sentence, her is a roundabout item. (The Spanish proportionate would be à ©l le comprã ³ el anillo.) Here are the aberrant article pronouns alongside their English counterparts and instances of their employments: me - me - Juan me da una camisa. (John is giving me a shirt.)te - you (particular recognizable) - Juan te da una camisa. (John is giving you a shirt.)le - you (particular formal), him, her - Juan le da una camisa a usted. (John is giving you a shirt.) Juan le da una camisa a à ©l. (John is giving him a shirt.) Juan le da una camisa an ella. (John is giving her a shirt.)nos - us - Marã ­a nos da unas camisas. (Mary is giving us some shirts.)os - you (plural recognizable) - Marã ­a os da unas camisas. (Mary is giving you some shirts.)les - you (plural formal), them - Marã ­a les da unas camisas. (Mary is giving you a few shirts, or Mary is giving them a few shirts.) Note that the immediate article and roundabout item pronouns are indistinguishable in the first and second people. Where they contrast is as an outsider looking in, where the main roundabout articles (with the exception of in what is typically viewed as inadequate discourse) are le and les. Utilizing Indirect Objects in Special Cases As a portion of the above models show, a roundabout item pronoun is utilized at whatever point a sentence incorporates an aberrant article, despite the fact that a pronoun probably won't be utilized in English. A further statement can be included for clearness or accentuation, in any case, not at all like in English, a backhanded pronoun is the standard. For instance, le escribã ­ could mean I kept in touch with him, I kept in touch with her or I kept in touch with you, contingent upon the specific circumstance. To explain, we can include a prepositional expression, as in le escribã ­ an ella for I kept in touch with her. Note that le is still commonly utilized, despite the fact that an ella makes it repetitive. Both immediate and aberrant item pronouns are normally positioned before conjugated action words, as in the above models. They can be (however dont must be) joined to infinitives and present participles: Te voy an escribir una carta and voy an escribirte una carta (I will keep in touch with you a letter) are both right, as are le estoy comprando un coche and estoy comprndole un coche (I am getting him a vehicle). In orders, direct and additionally backhanded items are connected to positive orders however go before negative orders. Escrã ­beme (think of me), however no me escribas (dont keep in touch with me). Note that in agreed orders and while appending an item to a current participle, joining the article toward the finish of the action word can bring about an orthographic complement being expected to keep the weight on the right syllable. In the event that you have an immediate article and a circuitous item with a similar action word, the roundabout article starts things out. Te las escribo. (I am keeping in touch with them to you.) Test Sentences Using Indirect-Object Pronouns Backhanded articles are appeared in these sentences in boldface. Article pronouns in normal kind are immediate items or objects of relational words. No le voy a dar el zeal a nadie de vencerme tan facilmente. (I won't give anybody the joy of overcoming me so without any problem. A nadie is a repetitive expression; le stays important. The - me of vencerme is a direct object.) ¿Nunca me has visto beber algo ms que una copa de vino? (Have you never observed me drink more than one cup of wine? Beber here is an infinitive going about as a direct object.)Le construyeron un gimnasio para que pudiera ejercitarse. (They fabricated him/her a recreation center so he/she could work out. Note that the circuitous article here can apply to the two guys and females.)Queremos decirle an ella que ella forma gran parte de nuestras vidas. (We need to disclose to her that she makes up a major piece of our lives. Que and the words following capacity as an immediate article.)

Order Custom Term Paper Online

Order Custom Term Paper OnlineOrdering custom term paper is very simple. You need to go online and type in the term paper you want to order. The best part is that you can order your paper to be printed on a specific size, either one page or two pages, or four pages or more.Paper sizes range from one inch to five feet by five feet, which has been the standard size of paper for a long time. Custom papers come in sizes from one inch to four inches by three inches. There are paper sizes from one inch by two inches to six inches by six inches, which have also been used for some time.A company can order custom paper from a website. Before the customer orders the paper, it is reviewed and then printed. If there is something wrong with the paper it will not be printed. There are some things that the paper company needs to do before they begin printing the paper.The first thing that is done is to take the measurements of the paper that they need. This is needed because paper dimensions vary. Each piece of paper will have a certain dimension and the manufacturer will know this before the order is placed.The machine will be set up in a process that will help the company to make sure that all of the paper is in the right place. The company will set the machines to print the paper in the right place. They will then find the perfect look of the paper in the machine.The next step of the process is to order custom paper for the proper specifications. If a company does not order the paper in the correct dimensions, it will not fit in the desk. The paper will be sent out without being scaled correctly. It will be too thick, too thin, or too small. Before the custom paper is sent out, the computer will be taken apart to make sure it is not damaged. The paper will be taken apart so that the printer will not get it damaged. The next thing to do is to turn off the machines until the paper is completely unopened.After the paper is fully opened, the paper will be sent to the customer for them to review. Once the customer reviews the paper, they will approve or disapprove the paper. If the customer approves the paper, it will be sent out to the printer.

Analysis Of The Film The Great Gatsby - 1376 Words

The role color plays I also appreciated the way colors are used in each film. The color symbolism is sometimes used similarly and sometimes used differently. In Memento, the film uses flashbacks of either color or black white scenes to illustrate the difference between current actions, and the previous events that build up or lead to those events or actions. These choices in color also reveal the chronological order of the film, and in that way two versions of the story are conveyed. The black white part of the film runs chronologically forward, while the color parts of the film run in reverse order. And both of these color choices, and the time lines they create, at the end of the film, meet in the middle! That’s something unique. In Eternal Sunshine Joel is a character who wears dull, unexciting colors; so he blends in with large crowds. He does not stand out at all. In contrast, Clementine s quirkiness is expressed by her colorful clothing choices, and her changes in hair color. Clementine always stands out. Clementine s hair color is also a symbolic display of her relationship with Joel, changing from green to orange, to red, and then to blue. The color green symbolizes new life; Spring, fresh air, green plants, growth and nature. This represents a fresh start, the beginning of their relationship. The color red symbolizes their romantic passion. The color orange represents a weak, dying passion, a dying of love. The color blue represents a mood of sadnessShow MoreRelatedGreat Gatsby Film Analysis Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby Film Analysis The 2013 drama/romance movie, The Great Gatsby, is the second movie adaption made based off the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. Co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann, this film received both glory and criticism upon its release. The Great Gatsby is well known for its â€Å"Gatsby era† as well as the love encircled between money and power. Without the glitz and glam of this story in conjunction with the forever love Jay Gatsby, a millionaire known for hisRead MoreGreat Gatsby Film Analysis717 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby is a 2013 period drama film based on F. Scot Fitzgerald 1925 novel of the same name. The film was co written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and star Leonardo DiCaprio as eponymous Jay Gatsby. Other star casts include Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Egerton and Elizabeth Debicki. The Great Gatsby was release on May 10th, 2013 and is has since hit the market and made over 100 million dollars in profit. This movie was very realistic and portrayed the ideal lifestyle of people in theRead MoreHow Is The Great Gatsby Film Analysis Of The Movie1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby: Film Analysis The movie The Great Gatsby is set during the roaring twenties in Manhattan New York City. Where the young protagonist Nick Carraway (Tobey Maguire) is narrating his life story when he moved to New York. He introduces a young playboy millionaire by the name of Jay Gatsby (Leonardo DiCaprio) and his obsessive love for Daisy Buchanan (Carey Milligan). This movie is the most recent adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald classic American novel, directed by Baz Luhrmann who doesRead MoreEssay about Great Gatsby Film Analysis839 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 3 September 11, 2011 Critical Analysis: The Great Gatsby Film The classic American novel, The Great Gatsby, presents a major theme of passing time. Losing Daisy meant losing Gatsby’s entire world, which he only kept alive through his hope of repeating the past. Daisy is a symbol of everything he values and therefore became the entity of his dream: his dream of spending the rest of his life with Daisy, the woman he loves undeniably. But Gatsby doesn’t realize his dream is unattainableRead MoreEssay about Moulin Rouge vs. the Great Gatsby621 Words   |  3 PagesKyle Warner Film Analysis A Moulin Rouge vs. The Great Gatsby Apart from having the same director, Baz Luhrmann, Moulin Rouge and The Great Gatsby have an astounding amount of similarities. They are both passionate love stories with similar characters in coinciding roles. Although the two movies are set in the early 1900s and 1920s, they use modern music to captivate the audience’s interest. Baz Luhrmann has a knack for making colorful romantic thrillers, and it certainly shows in MoulinRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Great Gatsby 1508 Words   |  7 PagesRhetorical Analysis for the movie The Great Gatsby In the film of The Great Gatsby, based on the novel, Director, Baz Luhrmann shares the elaborate tale of the infamous Jay Gatsby. Taking place in the era of the 1920’s, also known as the roaring twenties, Luhrmann is able to bring the film to life by constructing breathtaking scenery creating a glamorous environment full of ecstasy in order to make the modern day audience get a feel for what life in that time period would have been like today. ThoughRead MoreThe Great Gatsby998 Words   |  4 PagesClaytons film adaptation of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the director uses several visual techniques to emphasize and heighten the illusion of the American dream. These visual techniques include: Framing, color, lighting space. The most interesting type of framing repeated al throughout the film is the use of mirrors in trapping the characters in their surreal reflection. The director used this technique in more than one scenes, nevertheless this framing was used when Gatsby is aboutRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalytic media analysis argues that literary texts, like dreams, express the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the characters within a movie, and the literary work is a manifestation of the Id, Super-Ego, and Ego. The text that I will analyze using the psychoanalytic media theory will be the film The Great Gatsby, originally a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. I will be using Freud’s primary psychoanalytic theory of the ID, Ego, and Super-Ego to analyze the movie The Great Gatsby, and also analyzeRead MoreA Short Note On The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1278 Words   |  6 Pagesintertextuality is used in Baz Lurhmannâ€⠄¢s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†. â€Å"The Great Gatsby† movie is based on a well-known book by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, a well-known author that wrote American fiction. Maurer wrote that F. Scott Fitzgerald was known for his imagistic and wonderful composition. He could analyze the inclination of his era during a politically complex time of American History (Maurer, 2016). There have been a number of reincarnations of â€Å"The Great Gatsby† in cinematography. Baz Lurhmann, a popularRead MoreOld Money Trumps New Money: Understand how Old Wealth Works1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn the film â€Å"The Great Gatsby† 1974, big wigs in the nineteen twenties that have collected their money over the course of their time, have always had an advantage over the poor, and people who are just beginning their wealthy-hood, and they keep their â€Å"property† well protected. In the beginning of the movie, where Nick Carraway sits with Tom Buchanan, a born wealthy man, who inherited his money fro m his family, the husband of Nick’s cousin; Daisy and a firm eugenicist. Tom tells Nick to read a book

Theories of Attachment The Importance of Bonding with...

To infants, the world is a brand new experience full of new sights and sounds, and their parents are their first teacher who educates them about the new environment around them. In addition, they learn about their surroundings through touch which is an important part of the way infants observe this strange new world. Babies and toddlers learn about the way relationships are formed through becoming attached to their parents and bonding with them. Infants and toddlers love hugs, kisses, gentle caresses from their mom and dad as well as being sung and read to at night. Looking at parents bond with their children is a beautiful display of love and affection between parent and child. Seeing their infant smile back at them and be happy when†¦show more content†¦When a baby feels protected, they learn that their world is safe and sound. In addition, they feel secure even when their parents leave the room. Infants and toddlers need to know that their parents are there to keep them safe and provide them with a loving nurturing environment. The next two components of healthy attachment between parents and children are the child’s ability to be affectionate towards their parents as well as other caregivers. When children are shown love through hugs and kisses, and being paid attention to, and are well taken care of, they are able to form a loving bond with their parents. In addition, they also form a bond with other caregivers besides their parents. Perry (2011) writes that, â€Å"When the infant has attentive, responsive, and loving care giving, this genetic potential is expressed. And as this infant becomes a toddler and more people-family, friends, peers-enter his life, he will continue to develop this capacity to have healthy and strong emotional relationships† (Perry, 2011). Not only will an infant or toddler have love for their parents, but also for other caregivers who they feel will keep them safe and secure. When children have a secure attachment with their parents and caregivers, they are able to form real relationships with other children as well. Infants and toddlers who have a secure attachment to their parents are more friendly and sociable with theirShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Biology And Libidinal Drives1025 Words   |  5 PagesUnlike others of his era he was not trained in the sciences and believed that human interaction was the basis for forming the individual’s personality. Out of this belief came the idea of his Eight Stages of Development (Sougstad, 2017). Unique to his theory at the time was the inclusion of all ages rather than only encompassing early development. Each of these stages includes a crisis that must be resolved to move from one stage to the next. Our ability to move through these stages is impacted by factorsRead MoreDifferences Between Home Daycares And Daycare Centers3734 Words   |  15 Pagesare: H01: Children who attend part-time or full-time daycare at a home daycare or center do not, on average, have more cases of illness than children who do not attend daycare. H02: Full-time daycare children on average have no more difficulty bonding with their biological or adoptive parents than children who do not attend daycare. H03: Home daycare providers and daycare center providers have comparable levels of stress and fatigue. CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW This chapterRead MoreThe For An Overly Structured Environment Essay2439 Words   |  10 Pagesit may seem odd to you that as a teacher we would have our students clean objects in the classroom, but there it a function behind every activity conducted in the classroom. Another belief that Maria Montessori stressed in her framework, is the importance of teaching our young learners the responsibility of becoming â€Å"the keeper and the custodian of their environment†. Our activity in class of cleaning our chairs and toys is a perfect example of this concept. As I mentioned earlier, the objects theRead MoreProblems with Adoption4520 Words   |  19 Pages mistreatment, malnutrition or institutionalization in their home countries. â€Å"Some are found to suffer from fetal alcohol syndrome, mental illness or reactive attachment disorder, an inability to bond with a parent† (Wingert). Emotional and even physical disorders can be difficult to detect at the time of adoption, especially in infants, and often are not diagnosed until months or years later. Figure 2 shows the percentage of children adopted at less than 24 months of age and greater than 24 monthsRead MoreInfluence Of Childhood Attachment On Moral Leadership2432 Words   |  10 PagesThe Influence of Childhood Attachment on Moral Leadership In order to understand how there is a childhood attachment on moral leadership, we need to first understand how and where the influences come from and what stages in development they may occur. The fundamental development occurs in three stages. Theses stages are physical, cognitive and psychosocial in which all human life goes through. While these stages inherently create human functions, intelligence and social and other interpersonal traitsRead MoreEriksons Psychosocial Stages of Personality1942 Words   |  8 PagesDevelopment Trust vs. Mistrust Trust versus mistrust is Erikson’s first stage in his theory psychosocial development. It is also believed to be the most important. In this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust the people around them, especially those they’re closest to. It occurs during the first year of life when the infant is completely dependent on its mother/caregiver. Because the infant is utterly helpless during this time, the personality is affected by the degree of love,Read MoreLevel 3 Childcare Unit1 Essay6759 Words   |  28 Pagesstrangers. 18 months At 18 months children start to want independence they cry and protest if something that they want is not given to them. Their language skills are still developing and most children will be able to use several words. Toddlers can be restless and change moods quickly, they also become distressed when left in unfamiliar places with unfamiliar adults. Physical Sitting and pushing off with legs on sit –and –ride toys. Cognitive Enjoyment of posting toysRead MoreThis is an chapter by chapter summary of the book Becoming Attached, did it for extra credit11157 Words   |  45 Pagesour mother near is the theory that is expressed in chapter one. Chapter one goes through a time line of how we, as humans, came across this theory. The author tends to talk about and describe how as babies the basic need to have mother around is just as important as having food, water, and clean diapers. The author gives examples of children who were adopted after infancy and children whom had to spend significant amounts of time away from their mothers during their infant years had suffered fromRead MoreA Daycare Center : Teacher- Child Interactions2700 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Teachers’ Commitment to the Field and Teacher-Child Interactions in Center Based Child Care for Toddlers and Three-Year-Olds,the more teachers promote higher order thinking skills and scaffold children’heir own s learning, the bette r they perform on measures of academic and language skills† (Thomason La Paro, 2014). I can relate to this based on a training I participated in from The Infant and Toddler Resource Network based out of Buffalo, NY. One thing that was expressed the most is getting theRead More8 Week Treatment Plan4723 Words   |  19 PagesTreatment Plan using Expressive Group Therapy working with children who struggle with insecure attachment. What does insecure attachment look like? Attachment can be defined as â€Å"an emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation† (Myers, 1998). Early bonding experiences have a significant impact on the developing child and achieving a positive bond is

Short Story Chapter 1 - 1677 Words

â€Å"Shut up Ron!† she quietly yelled, smacking him in the back of the head. â€Å"Sorry† he said. â€Å"Where is it?† THUD â€Å"We’re almost there, Ron. Just wait.† Katherine chuckled. Ron, a solid build for 25 year old, picked himself off the tiny bush. They tiptoed through dead brush around a forgotten path, lit by pale moonlight. The trees looked like death and the air was dry and empty, filled with silence. No birds chirping, no crickets, no wind in the leaves, only the crackle of dead weeds beneath their feet. Through the shadows of the forest stood two trees different from the rest, yet so subtle it’s almost invisible to see if you dont know what to look for. Two small branches at shoulder height, one coming from each of the trees, linked†¦show more content†¦Wind howled like a hurricane; leaves, bushes, and rock flew through the air, stinging Rons back. He looked toward Katherine and all he could make out was her silhouett e as blurry blobs flew by her. He remembers seeing a darkness sweep across everything, seemingly being eaten by the trees. And then nothing. Chapter One â€Å"Happy birthday Kari!† her parents come barging in her room blowing kazoos and singing happy birthday in their bad parent singing voices. â€Å"Can’t I just sleep!?† Kari mumbles rolling over and pulling the pillow over her head. Little footsteps thudded through the noise of kazoos and signing and Jonny comes jumping on his big sister. â€Å"Get up sissy! We have so much adventuring to do.† He sat on her shaking her shoulders with his whole body. Kari just lays there lifeless, without a stir. And with a quick turn Johnnys all wrapped up in a big hug and getting his guts out tickled out. Jonny struts down a big mossy log in his classic Indiana Jones shirt and hat with his blue backpack. The jacket is very loose, hanging around his short 8 year old body. The fedora sinks all the way down to his furry eyebrows. Kari comes up next to him walking on the ground and Jonny jumps onto her shoulders. Kari is wearing her polka dot rain boots, though one probabl y couldn’t tell through all that mud. Sloshing through the mud, singing â€Å"I Would Walk 500 Miles.† When Jonny was younger, Kari would always take Jonny on adventures in the dangerousShow MoreRelatedShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 1971 Words   |  4 PagesIse said nothing though she did raise an eyebrow. Naoko coughed nervously and continued, â€Å"It’s just an idea but I’d like to at least try it out to see if it’ll even work and since you’re said to be really god with kidÃ…  I thought you could help me.† Ise’s face still looked unamused though when she spoke there was a hint of interest in her voice, â€Å"How did you come up with that idea?† The teen shrugged, â€Å"I read about a weapon Quincies have used called Seele Schneider. It’s like a sword but made ofRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 1739 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"I guess Yuri was right, which is mildly convenient† Sabra said. â€Å"The place is almost empty, their numbers are extremely low.† Screaming from a young woman could be heard coming from another room, surprising them. Turning their attention in the direction the scream was coming from. Everyone tried to move towards the screaming, before being halted by Paisley. â€Å"One group can go check that out. We need to go and look for Vittorio, it shouldn’t be an issue to split up for a little.† â€Å"I’m certainRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 11430 Words   |  6 Pagesher eyes, which were unable to see his in the darkness, then he checked to see Torins hand placed against her small waist more in reassurance than in having to hold her close to the wall. Once they reached the top landing, Duncan pulled the short braided rope attached to an old bronze ships bell. The clang rang off the stone walls which echoed loud enough to surly raise the dead at the very least to alert the household as was the intent. Duncan stepped back to let the door swing outward, whichRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12137 Words   |  9 Pagesbrothers got in and went back to the motel. â€Å"Fay gets the bed,† Sam was about to protest when Dean quickly shut him up. â€Å"She stabbed a ghost in the eye twice, killed him, made friends with a ghost, and saved both our asses,† Fay just grabbed her black shorts and tank then walked into the bathroom. Stripping down, she turned on the hot water, letting the warmed rinse off the dirt and grime from the asylum. Turning off the water, she grabbed her toothbrush. As she got out the toothpaste there was a knockRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12195 Words   |  9 Pageshappened to me would be considered within parameters. From there, they let me out of the machine and I faked being Sister long enough to be sent on my way.† Finishing off my water I set it down and nervously licked my lips. â€Å"And that’s basically my story. After leaving I got a new kit, put myself up in a hotel and over the next few days I wandered around, saw the city, did some research, and experimented a bit with being an Esper... Any questions?† Mikoto and Kuroko stared at each other and at Mikoto’sRead MoreShort Story Chapter 11266 Words   |  6 Pagesfright. Drakes smirk grew as he noticed this. You dont have a choice. As soon as those words made their way into the dead air he bolted towards the other boy. Shadow pushed Jace behind him and braced for the incoming attack, and not like other stories, this one hit its mark. He winced, and noted the body behind him. Activating the pipes in his calves he dashed towards a clearing only to take a fireball to the back. Come back and fight me coward! Drake was catching up fast. Shadow struggledRead MoreShort Story Chapter 1774 Words   |  4 PagesThey made it out of Viridian Forest not long after defeating that swarm of Beedrill. It was getting close to evening by the time they made it to the next route, so they stopped to make camp for the night. It would be another two hours before they could make it to Pewter City if they continued. It was safest to just make camp. They sat around the fire Spitfire had made for them. Misty was the only one who didnt release her Pokà ©mon. Rattata snuggled in Gabbys lap and ate from the bag of chips inRead MoreChapter 1 Short Story922 Words   |  4 Pagesfather’s council table. He looks to her for advice even in granting justice. Since her mother’s death, the Princess is more the Queen than anything els e. She might offer you some perspective.† Gwen nodded. She glanced toward the sky to see Sol just short of his zenith overhead. â€Å"Perhaps we should ride on then?† â€Å"We’d make Whitgate in a few hours. Perhaps we might find suitable lodgings afterwards?† Seeing Gwen’s reluctance to put her out further in her eyes, Blancheflor insisted, â€Å"You are my guestRead MoreChapter 1 : A Short Story1136 Words   |  5 PagesKaterina stepped out of the shadow of the filing cabinet. She pushed her hood down and swung her sniper off of her back before leaning it against the wall. â€Å"Hey Maria.† She said as she placed the suitcase onto agent Hills desk. The brunette glanced at her before she looked back to her computer screen and continued to type. â€Å"Hello, Shadow.† The young woman snorted and quickly appeared next Hill, slinging an arm over her shoulders. â€Å"Oh, don’t be like that. You know calling me ‘Agent Volkova’ overRead MoreShort Story : Chapter 11085 Words   |  5 PagesThe pillow seemed to sink a little, and Johnny died. I looked towards Dally, his face turned ten times younger, his face, his hard, mean, face had tears rolling down it. â€Å"...Johnny†¦Ã¢â‚¬  his voice whispered faintly, but Johnny said nothing. He could not. Dally had a pained expression that only someone who knew him could recognize, his hands were in fists. â€Å"We’re leaving,† Dally demanded, â€Å"Wait† the nurse said jogging towards us, â€Å"Johnny wanted you to have this.† she handed me Gone With the Wind. I took

The Hijab free essay sample

In the west, women are under a constant pressure to look and dress a certain way, be it through TV, Magazines or Films, an unreal standard of ‘beauty’ has been dictated, which leads not only to women feeling inadequate, but leads men into a false sense of how a woman should be. Why does Islam encourage Hijab? It not only makes a woman feel confident and liberated, but encourages society to not see women as objects of desire. Islam promotes sexual equality, the Hijab allows women to be an instrumental part of the society without being judged down or favoured by man’s perception and desires.Can Hijab be practiced in a modern secular society? Across the west there are millions of Muslims sisters who go about living the every-day life, just like women from all faith backgrounds. They go to the same school, they have the same degrees and work the same ‘Nine-to-Fives’. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hijab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Hijab only ever conflicts with secular values if it is misunderstood and taken out of context. Does Hijab prevent a woman from aspiring to her dreams? Absolutely not, every woman has the right to fulfill her aspirations, whether she wishes to become a Doctor, a TV presenter or even an Astronaut.Of course, across cultures there may be barriers which through women may find it hard to break in to, however the same is true for women who don’t wear the Hijab. Why don’t men wear the Hijab? They do, but as explained above the Hijab is much more than just the headscarf, men in Islam are required to be modest in their dress also, wearing tight, revealing clothes is prohibited relatively. Men are obliged to not look at women with lust as part of their Hijab, as this erodes the morals of society.Are women less-equal in Islam? No. In fact, when Islam was established, one of the first things Prophet Muhammad (saw) promoted were rights for females; to own property, to choose the ir spouse, to be able to divorce, to have their own business, to have equal pay, to lead. The Hijab is often made out to be an object of shame women are forced to carry simple for being a woman, which is far from the truth, the Hijab in fact should be seen as a symbol of Woman’s rights, equality and freedom.

Judge and Bono on Relationships of Core Self

The purpose of the research by Judge and Bono was to conduct a review of the literature which studies the correlation between self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and low neuroticism (emotional stability), on the one hand, and job performance and job satisfaction, on the other, and gather information in order to provide a quantitative evaluation of this correlation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Judge and Bono on Relationships of Core Self-Evaluation Traits to Job Satisfaction and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study found that each of the four traits had a positive, nonzero relationship to both job performance and job satisfaction (Judge and Bono 81, 82). It is also interesting that the traits have a greater influence on job satisfaction than on job performance (Judge and Bono 83). The authors state that the estimated true score correlations of self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and low neuroticism to job performance were 0.26, 0.23, 0.22, and 0.19, respectively, whereas the correlations of these traits to job satisfaction equaled 0.26, 0.45, 0.32, and 0.24, respectively. One of the most interesting findings is that the self-esteem affects both job satisfaction and job performance virtually to an equal degree, whereas the other three traits affect job satisfaction more. It would appear that e.g. low neuroticism should have more influence on job performance that high self-esteem, for emotional stability seems to be more important to do one’s work properly, but we can see that it is slightly less influential in case of job satisfaction, and has even less effect on job performance. Works Cited Judge, Timothy A., and Joyce E. Bono. â€Å"Relationship of Core Self-Evaluations Traits – Self-Esteem, Generalized Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Emotional Stability – With Job Satisfactio n and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis.† Journal of Applied Psychology 86.1 (2001): 80-92. Print. This case study on Judge and Bono on Relationships of Core Self-Evaluation Traits to Job Satisfaction and Performance was written and submitted by user Paige Key to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 5-Paragraph Essay Topics Issue Relevant to Povert that You Must Discuss in an Essay

20 5-Paragraph Essay Topics Issue Relevant to Povert that You Must Discuss in an Essay If you are searching for topics on the culture of poverty for a 5 paragraph essay, look over the 20 topics supplied in the list below. These topics cover a diversified selection of ideas. They all tackle multiple aspects of the theory of the culture of poverty including influences that pour into it, and theories which have since stemmed from it. This list of varied topics is meant to support your endeavor, offering some guidance on subject matter appropriate for your next assignment. It is incumbent upon you to review the assignment details given to you by your teacher and from there, review the list of potential ideas below to find something which best suits your task. The Traits that Characterize the Culture of Poverty Marriage as a Route to Poverty Creation of Benefits among Impoverished Subcultures Legitimacy of Blaming Poor People for Poverty Factors Contributing to the Creation of Welfare Nation Impact of Poverty on Nations Worldwide Poverty in Rich Countries: The Case of America Social Learning Theories: The Use of Culture of Poverty Global Problems and Culture of Poverty Impact of Long Term Poverty: Understanding Culture of Poverty Concentrated Poverty: Cultural Influences Does Job Creation Reduce Poverty? Validity of the Culture of Poverty Theory Re-Evaluating Culture of Poverty for Modern Society The Evolution of the Debate on Poverty Influence of Kaaryn Gustafson on Culture of Poverty Influence of Mario Luis Small on Culture of Poverty Culture of Poverty Influence on Politics Culture of Poverty Influence on Welfare Reform Consequences of Culture of Poverty Sample 5-Paragraph Essay â€Å"The Traits That Characterize the Culture of Poverty† The theory of a culture of poverty is something which was created in 1959 when a book was published by an anthropologist named Oscar Lewis. This book was titled Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. The culture of poverty theory is one which states that living in conditions where poverty high rates of poverty are observed in high amounts will lead to creation of a culture or even a subculture which has adapted to the conditions of poverty.   This culture has been characterized by the ever present feelings of being marginalized, feeling dependent, being helpless, and feeling powerless. Individuals who live inside of a culture of poverty have no real sense of history and therefore they lack knowledge needed to alleviate the conditions in which they live through collective action. Instead they focus only on their individual problems. When poverty is imposed on a population that structure can actually lead to the development of a culture of poverty. This result s in individuals becoming autonomous, and developing attitudes and behaviors which are passed down from one generation to the next through socialization. The ethnography in which this theory made its first appearance renders poor people as a legitimate subject transformed by poverty. The original ethnography argued that the burdens of poverty are systematic and when the burdens are imposed upon members of society they form a subculture. This culture is formed by children who are socialized into attitudes and behaviors which perpetuate poverty and create their own inability to escape the impoverished environment in which they live. This theory further acknowledges that all past factors which have created this condition of society including substandard education and housing as well as a lack of job opportunities, sufficient social services with persistent discrimination and racial segregation together no longer matter. This theory perpetuates the notion that the cause of poverty and present behavior and the attitude of the poor people themselves. This would imply that public assistance to those who are poor, in the form of direct assistance or welfare will not eliminate poverty because the poverty is inherent within the culture of the poor. By following the reasoning laid out by this anthropologist the blame for poverty is shifted from the economic and social conditions and placed upon the poor people themselves. A great deal of the evidence presented in the original publication in support of this theory suffers from fallacies in the methodology. Because of this, when publicly criticized during the 1970s the theory became less influential but did make a comeback in the early 2000. During this time it impacted welfare reform once again with particular influence on Assistance for Needy Families in 1997 and again in 2005. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan used this theory in 1965 to support a publication about poor African Americans. This report stated that poor black people in America were stuck in a tangle of pathology and it was this pathology which caused the breakdown of the modern black family. It was argued that the traditional family among the African Americans during times of slavery was broken by slavery itself. It further stated that black males felt a sense of powerlessness during slavery which since that time had created a culture of dependency. This culture of dependency was argued to be the reason that traditional male headed households were declining among black families and the reason that black males were not succeeding as well in the social ladder. Overall the characteristics of the culture of poverty emphasize traits of maladaptive behaviors and attitudes from those who live in poverty. It is argued that people who live in poverty develop a subculture which adapts to the conditions, characterized by regular feelings of being marginalized, dependent, helpless and powerless. Furthermore those who live within a culture of poverty have no real sense of collective history and therefore cannot alleviate the condition based on collective action. Instead, these individuals focus on their own troubles and their own troubles alone. References: Owens, Patricia. The Family, the Culture of Poverty and Welfare Provision.  RAIN  63 (1984): 6. Web. Ravenhill, Megan.  The Culture of Homelessness. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008. Print. Redeaux, Monique. The Culture of Poverty Reloaded.  Monthly Review  63.3 (2011): 96. Web. Rodman, Hyman.  Lower-Class Families. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. Print. Tuason, Ma. Teresa. Culture Of Poverty: Lessons From Two Case Studies of Poverty in the Philippines; One Became Rich, the Other One Stayed Poor.  Online Readings in Psychology and Culture  8.1 (2002): n. pag. Web. Van Til, Sally Bould.  Work and the Culture of Poverty. San Francisco: R and E Research Associates, 1976. Print. Wasserman, Jason Adam, and Jeffrey M Clair.  At Home on the Street. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2010. Print.

Measurement of human processes (Project Management) Assignment

Measurement of human processes (Project Management) - Assignment Example Therefore, the development of a good visual system is of tremendous benefit to the project manager. A paper system in binders is a poor way of keeping people informed. This drags the organization behind in progress tracking and reporting (Kerzer, 74). Poor scheduling or resource management (mismanagement) by the project manager often leads increasing your chances of project failure. This is because managing any project is managing a schedule, but a schedule is typically a collection of resources that are being managed on a schedule. There is poor scheduling on elicitation techniques, use cases, user screen design specifications, reports, business rules, functional, and the non-functional requirements (76). Weak requirements definitions which lead to planning inadequacy, this is brought about by the project manager failing to identify his or her target. One way of identifying project requirements is by describing how the end results look like in measurable terms. Requiring of a soft w are that is easy to use is an objective measure of our testing. Poor requirements lead to poor development and design. A software program ends up doing the wrong things for the users resulting in massive re-tests and rework. According to Kerzer (78) he asserts that inadequate planning, risks, resources, and assumptions by the project manager often leads to a failed project. ... This may be attributed to the fact that you may not be trained in the utilization of that software or technology. Ineffective quality controls which make you to deliver what the client does not want. The poor balances and check systems results in these ineffective quality controls. In addition, most of the projects have a system of correcting problems but do not have a system of corrective action Managing multiple projects at the same time or multi-tasking resources goes against, less is more, and focus is power. Multitasking introduces schedule risk and complexity which impacts negatively on all projects involved. Supply chain failures which emanates from contracted work. Managing of contractors is an inherent risk because they may not be having the level of skills required for the job. Contractors also have that tendency to multitask so as to stay busy thus introducing complexity and schedule risk. Scope creep or poor analysis of impacts has an effect on the schedule, budget, and r esources. It means there is an increase in the on what is delivered without a corresponding increase in resources to the project timeline. This can actually be alleviated by performing good impact analysis and clarification of real requirements. Another failure of project is attributed to lack of qualified resources and personnel. This makes you to question your resources thus giving the wrong task to the wrong person (Anderson, 1). Discussion 2 I have the following characteristics; visionary, decisive, a good motivator, technically competent, and support team members. Those that I need to work on are being a good motivator, encouraging new ideas, and standing up to top management when necessary.

E-Practice of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-Practice of Medicine - Essay Example The company prides itself on offering excellent prices for its goods and heavily advertises this feature of its business. Clearance items can be purchased for as much as 80% off of the suggested retail price. The company also offers a savings club for regular purchasers that allows them to realize substantial discounts. (drleonards.com) Customer service is offered via email, live chat, and a toll free phone number. Agents are available from 8 a.m. until 10 p.m. EST Monday through Friday, and 8 a.m. until 5 p.m. EST on Saturdays. (drleonards.com) Ensuring secure data transmission is a priority for the company. Dr. Leonard’s contracts with Verisign (www.verisign.com) to ensure that ordering information is protected from hackers and other information pirates. McAfee Security has evaluated the site and awarded it McAfee SecureClub status for the level of protection it offers for customers performing online transactions. (drleonards.com) According to drleonards.com the firm’s customer base is in the millions. Aside from the main web page and printed catalog, it also has a network of affiliated web sites that link to drleonards.com. Site owners earn an 8% commission on sales that result from visitors clicking on the link. Dr. Leonard’s is a member of the Better Business Bureau of New Jersey, according to www.bbb.org. It holds accredited status with the organization and enjoys an excellent record of satisfying its customers. Dr. Leonard’s customer base is primarily persons in their 40s and older. Their income levels range from below average to slightly above, with a small number in high income brackets. A large proportion are elderly and retired, and many live in rural areas with limited access to local shopping. They tend to be married, conservative in lifestyle and values, and enjoy purchasing items via mail order and online. Analysis of the company’s product line shows that its

International Labour Standards

International Labour Standards Module -International Perspectives on Industrial Relations QUESTION: Some commentators have argued thatthe adoption of labour standards would threaten the trade prospects of developing countries. Critically evaluate this claim and discuss the policyimplications. In this essay, it is explained that ILO after its foundation following World War One aimed at protecting the fundamental rights at work, creating and securing decent work opportunities for men and women, providing social protection to all the parties concerned and encourage social dialogue. To achieve its aim, ILO works very hard to achieve core labour standards through its member states by giving funds and encouraging them to implement core labour standards and by punishing and discouraging the member states who violate core labour standards. It also, through its campaigns tries to link World Trade Organization with the core labour standards to put extra pressure on the states which are not complying with the set standards. ILO also encourages the member states that they should ratify the convention as after their ratification it becomes the law of the government. ILO has been very active in creating many conventions and they have been trying very hard to encourage countries to have declaration which constitute better policy implications to promote core labour standards in developed and developing countries. It is also explained that how growth of trade is affecting core labour standards and its effect on the particular economy and job sector by giving empirical analysis of developed countries and developing countries. In the case of developed nations Japan and United States were thought of. While doing bilateral trade agreement each country should respect their domestic labour standards and each country while having trade with each other should have high labour standards. In the end, it is explained that developing countries should pay special attention to implement core labour standards and at the same time should take great care while implementing them according to their current domestic or local situation. International Labour Standards and Trade Prospects International labour organization was founded in 1919 after the First World War. Its main aim is to promote working rights, social protection, decent employment opportunities and to deal with work related issues via negotiations and dialogues. In the year 1946, the International Labour Organization became the first specialized agency of the UN. Today, it has 178 members in six continents. It is the only tripartite agency which brings together government, workers and employers to formulate and shape up the policy and programmes. There are four main objectives which ILO is determined to achieve and these are as follows:  § To encourage standards and fundamental principles and rights at work  § To provide vast opportunities for men and women to earn living by securing decent employment  § To provide social protection for all parties concerned  § Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue Source: http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/langen/index.htm The ILO is the global body responsible for drawing up and overseeing international labour standards. In todays globalized economy, international labour standards are very important tool in ensuring the growth of the global economy which provides benefits to all. â€Å"The rules of the global economy should be aimed at improving the rights, livelihoods, security, and opportunities of people, families and communities around the world.† (World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, 2004) International labour standards are made with a view to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in an atmosphere of freedom, equity, security and dignity. The development of the labour standards occurred without international coordination before the First World War and these agreements only concerned with the migrant people from different countries, although they were actually made after the formation of International Labour Organization in 1919. ILO is working very hard to implement core labour standards throughout the world. Core labour standards are those standards which are so basic and universal and can be implemented in all member states irrespective of the economic development of member states. These core labour standards are those which are also described as ILOs four main objectives as mentioned earlier. To achieve these standards ILO held so many conventions since 2006. ILO conveyed 186 conventions and discussed various issues like women working after dark and holiday pay etc. Member states are not required to ratify all conventions but ILO emphasizes member states for ratification of the conventions. Because after the ratification, it becomes a law even for the government who approved of it and thats why they are reluctant to ratify the law although they agree in principle with the law. In order to achieve core labour standards ILO stresses on its publications and condemns those who violate these standards. It puts pressure on the countries which ratify the conventions but are not complying with the law. It has no official authority to punish the state which violates these core labour standards but a tripartite representative can make a complaint and ILO can only do investigation and report its findings. The failure on part of implementation of core labour standards universally led to a suggestion that Core labour standards should be linked with WTO so that it can be used as a tool to enforce core labour standards (Brown, 2001). According to the ILO Constitution (2006c), â€Å"the failure of any nation to adopt humane conditions of labour is an obstacle in the way of other nations which desire to improve the conditions in their own countries.† ILO is having major problems in the implementation of core labour standards mostly in the developing countries as they are prone to labour rights abuses, with minimum wages, open to child labour exploitation and where the core labour standards are not entirely protected. ILO is working very hard to encourage the developing countries to follow the footprints of developed nations in implementing the core labour standards. Although improvement of core labour standards is essential for the growth or prosperity of a particular country but it is also counterproductive if these core labour standards are introduced in trade agreements as the countries who have comparative advantage in labour intensive goods would not be able to export their goods and therefore its growth and social development will slow down in turn. If a country has low labour standards and by applying trade sanctions it would be inefficient as there would be no trade labour linkage as there is violation of core labour stan dards for example, child labour and forced labour occurs in small, domestic or family firms who have nothing to do with the trade as they are not exporting anything and trade labour linkage is a social clause only limited to trade-impacted products (Robert C. Shelburne, Wage Differentials, Monopsony Labor Markets, and the Trade-Labor Debate, 19 Journal of Economic Integration 1 (March 2004), pp. 131-161.) On the contrary, the trade labour linkage could also be used indirectly when small firms which have nothing to do with the exports subcontracting with the exporting firms which indirectly contribute to the competitiveness of the exposed firms (Peter Morici and Evan Shulz, Labor Standards in the Global Trading System) (Washington, D. C.: Economic Strategy Institute, 2001). Violation of core labour standards can affect trade flows in two ways firstly, by decreasing wages competitiveness is reduced and secondly, child and forced labour will lead to an increase in unskilled labour but it can give developing countries comparative advantage in labour intensive goods and thus increase or boost exports. In 1947, Havana charter was laid down as a link between international trade and labour standards. The purpose of this charter is that all member states should recognize the importance of core labour standards related to their productivity and enhance labour standards within its territory. Due to failure of its ratification from the member states the International trade organization had not been created instead General agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) was used as a substitute (GATT Article XX (e)). When World trade organization was only two years old, Singapore ministerial declaration was adopted on 13 December, 1996 and due to absence of consensus again labour trade linkage was denied. Hence, ILO was the only body or organization to tackle labour standards. The difference between Havana Charter and Singapore declaration is that in Havana Charter they recognize that trade disputes are caused due to labour standards in different member states whereas in Singapore Declaration trade related labour standards should be adopted but it should be counterproductive as it prevents trade and distorts comparative advantage for labour intensive developing countries. After the Singapore declaration, ILO set up a world commission on the social dimension of globalization (the final report: A fair globalization Creating opportunities for all) (Geneva: ILO, February 2004). Trade theorists have always argued that growth of trade between developed and developing nations will lead to job losses of unskilled labour in developed countries whereas job gains of unskilled labour in developing countries but the problem is that the job gains of unskilled labour in developing countries is quite high as compared to job losses of unskilled workers in developed nations [Collins, (1998) Machin and Van Reenan, (1998) and Learner, (1998)]. Many countries while doing their bilateral trade, respect the core labour standards. In the U.S Trade Act of 2002, the 6th objective is â€Å"to promote respect for workers right and the right of the children consistent with core labour standards of the ILO.† While engaging in the bilateral trade agreements, every nation should respect the domestic labour standards and must possess high labour standards. In case of any disputes, there is specific institution which has the power to impose sanctions in case of serious flaws in relating to labour standards (International Economics Policy Briefs PB-5; Washington D. C.: Institute of International Economics, April 2001). In December 1998, Mercosur countries (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) adopted a social declaration about promotion and respect of ILO core labour standards. Similar provisions can be found in most of the new regional trade agreements. Developed countries also impose labour standards criteria within the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and the World Trade Organization, Enabling Clause, which allows nonreciprocal preferences in favour of developing countries. The European Union also proposes special incentive arrangements for the protection of labour rights, which may be granted to countries whose national legislation, incorporates the rules adopted in the ILO conventions. In order to understand the trade impact of labour standards, empirical analysis of trade manufacturers between developed countries and developing countries will be used. The developed countries in this analysis are Japan and U.S and Six developing countries from Asia. The methodology consists of main items of export and import of each of the countries concerned and classified as export-oriented, import-competing, food, beverage and tobacco, petroleum and related and others and comparative analysis of changes in employment and wages in different categories of industries. Japan and United States are the nations which mainly export skill intensive manufacturers to the developing nations and import labour intensive producers from those nations. Employment in import-competing industries reduces due to growth in trade with the developing countries whereas employment will increase in export orientated industries. As import competing industries are more labour intensive than export-orientated industries therefore the employment of skilled worker will rise and so there wages in developed nations and demand for unskilled labour will fall as a result. Therefore, the share of import competing industries will decline in Japan and U.S whereas the export-orientated industries will either incr ease or remain at stagnant level. Developing countries are expected to export labour intensive manufacturers to developed countries and import skill intensive manufacturers to them. Growth of trade with developed countries should increase the labour intensive industries in developing countries and decrease the skill intensive industries in total manufacturing sector (International Labour Review, Vol.139 (2000), No.3). Therefore, the demand for unskilled labour will increase and the demand for skilled labour will fall thus reducing the wage difference between the skilled and unskilled labour will fall {World Bank (1997)}. Growth of Trade affects employment in the import-competing developed countries and in contrast it stimulates employment in all sectors of manufacturing industries in developing countries. This is because the growth of trade will give foreign exchange to developing countries which obviously they need for their prosperity or economic growth and their income elasticity of demand for import competing is high in developing countries whereas it is low in case of developed countries (Chenery and Strout, 1966). It is presumed that rich and developed countries are more towards international labour standards than developing countries. The violation of core labour standards in developing countries will result in economic distortion and hence lower the national income of developing countries. These violations can be in respect of child labour, gender, racial or other discriminations which in turn risk physical integrity and health (Sandra Polanski, Trade and Labour Standards, A Strategy For Developing Countries (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003), at ). If the developing countries want to invest in capital accumulation they need to raise their labour standards which in turn will eradicate child labour and other discriminations which can trigger growth of the economy (the pioneer work, Robert Lucas, On the mechanics of economic development, Journal of Monetary Economics 22 (1988), pp. 3-42). Many authors have argued that higher labour standards in developing countries will increas e the demand for unskilled labour as they are labour intensive and will increase the wages of formal employment, discourage foreign and domestic investment and it may become an obstacle for economic growth of a developing country (Singh. A and Zammit. A, The global labour standards controversy: Critical issues for developing countries) (Geneva: South Center, 2000). If the developing countries adopt higher labour standards for example, reduction of child labour then it might have a negative effect on the economy as some of developing countries people are living below the poverty line and if child labour is restricted then it might have a way to other social problems like starvation, prostitution, street labour etc. So, the developing countries must take great care while implementing policies as such sudden policies might have negative effect on the social life of people living in those countries so they must take into account the local or domestic condition into account. On the contr ary, the disappearance of child labour and compulsory education in developed countries like U.S and Britain have very significant effect on their economies as restriction on child labour would increase the employment opportunities for adults and with compulsory education they can specialize in some field or sector by which they can increase their income. So, labour standards can play an important role in promoting economic growth for example, with the improvement of labour standards in developing countries like Bangladeshi garments firms, Pakistani soccer ball manufacturing and West African cocoa production etc, all these industries are growing. In turn they are playing an important role in the growth of their economy respectively (Kimberly Elliott and Richard B. Freeman). Conclusion The absence of core labour standards in World Trade Organization official text other than Singapore Declaration has reinforced the ILO legitimacy. The ILO has given a new life to fundamental conventions which are now largely ratified by member states and became a law for the country who ratify them. It contributes to more efficient labour market and respect the comparative advantage of the developing countries. More cooperation between ILO and WTO is needed. Core labour standards are very helpful in increasing capital accumulation which in turn increase the economic growth of developing countries and decrease the distortions and make human capital accumulation easier. The developed countries should encourage developing countries in the form of incremental aid and other concessions in order to improve their labour standards and if fines or duties are imposed the money from fines and duties must be spent on the betterment of labour standards of a particular country. The developing countries are not in a position to benefit from globalization where trade is shifting from primary commodities to manufacturers. The population in developing countries is increasing at much higher rate than developed countries thus developing countries should give special attention towards restraining the inequality of growth between developed and developing countries and this can be achieved if they make their international policy towards the betterment of infrastructure development. The trade growth of manufacturers in developing countries has adverse effect on unskilled labour in developed countries. Skilled and unskilled labour in developing countries has increased their employment and wages due to growth of trade and in general growth of trade has positive and substantial effects. International labour Organization is playing an important part in strengthening labour standards in developing countries and argues that developed world which has high labour standards now had poor labour standards in the past and developing world can choose the same steps in making their standards high and ultimately boost up their economic growth .They should eradicate Child Labor, Forced labor, and all other discriminations. It might take some time as they have to act according to their domestic environment but slowly and surely they will reach at the point where they will have high labour standards thats why ILO proposed substantial relaxation labour standards for the developing world. References: * Clotilde GrangerJean-Marc Siroà «n.(2006), â€Å"Core Labor Standards in Trade Agreements: From Multilateralism to Bilateralism†.Journal of World Trade,40(5),813-836. Retrieved December 1, 2009 * GATT Article XX (e). * http://www.ilo.org/global * International Economics Policy Briefs PB-5 (Washington D. C.: Institute of International Economics, April 2001). * International Labour Review, Vol.139 (2000), No.3  · Joshua C. Hall Peter T. Leeson, â€Å" Good for the Goose, Bad for the Gander: International Labor Standards and Comparative Development† J Labor Res (2007) 28:658-676 * Peter Morici and Evan Shulz, â€Å"Labor Standards in the Global Trading System† (Washington, D. C.: Economic Strategy Institute, 2001) * Robert C. Shelburne, Wage Differentials, Monopsony Labor Markets, and the Trade-Labor Debate, 19 Journal of Economic Integration 1 {March 2004), pp. 131-161. * Sandra Polanski, â€Å"Trade and Labor Standards, A Strategy for Developing Countries† (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003), at www.ceip.org/pubs * Singh. A and Zammit. A, â€Å"The global labor standards controversy: Critical issues for developing countries† (Geneva: South Center, 2000) * The final report: A fair globalization Creating opportunities for all, (Geneva: ILO, February 2004).

Examining History :: essays research papers

It is imporatant to carefully examine history in order to learn from previous mistakes, and also to ensure that the same mistakes are not repeated. The Manhattan project is an excellent example. This program allowed the United States to unleash the power of the atom, thus, introducing a new and devastating element into warfare. Although they managed to come in first in the race with Germany, the U.S. bears the responsibility of having introduced the atomic bomb, and have the blood on their hands from the use of it. It is obvious that the U.S. reaped the benefits by introducing the bomb, because no one else had the chance to use it on them. However, it is imperative to realize that when they dropped the bomb they became hypocrates. They did not want it used on them, but were eager to use it on another country. Actually, the U.S. had trouble deciding who to use it on. However, when a target was selected, the results were devastating. There were 170,000 people killed in Hiroshima alone and in Nagasaki, estimates say, nearly 70,000 died. After the bomb was dropped, the resulting radiation killed nearly 70,000 people. The Manhattan Project and the use of the atomic bomb were unfortunate products of a scientific breakthrough and a frantic race; which resulted in a revolution in warfare. The Manhattan Project originated from the Army Corps of Engineers, this division was originally named the Manhattan District. The later name, The Manhattan Project, encompassed the district, the scientific, the governmental and the strategic aspects (4:9). In 1941 President Roosevelt and several American scientists began work on the project (1:1). The bomb was never reffered to as the "atomic bomb" it was referred to as "a new weapon of unusual destructive force" (13:74). The main hub of acivity for this project was in New Mexico, the program lasted from 1942 to 1946. The total cost was nearly 2 billion dollars (1:3). Another important aspect to this program was the secrecy invovlved. It was said that "loose lips sink ships" (13:37). According to Roosevelt the only people who knew about the program at it's conception were Vice President Wallace, the Speaker of the House, the Democratic Leader of the Senate Mr. Barkley, and the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee for the House and Senate (11:27). As time went on it was still kept very quiet, most cabinet members and even more congressmen did not know about it (1:3).

Determinants of Capital Structure in Pakistan Essay

Capital structure refers to the combination of asset financing from different available sources. Normally the companies have two choices, either to finance the assets from internal source that is termed as retained earnings or from external source that splits into debt and equity. A firm’s capital structure is than the composition of its liabilities. In reality, capital structure of firms may be highly complex and consist of number of sources. These sources start from the retained earnings and ends in hybrid securities. The source of funding a capital is also diversified into short term and long term financing. Modigliani-Miller theorem The thinking of capital structure was initiated by the Modigliani-Miller theorem, proposed by Franco Modigliani and Merton miller. They made two findings under perfect market conditions. Their first proposition was that the value of a firm is independent of its capital structure and the second proposition stated that the cost of equity for a leverage firm is equal to the cost of equity for an un-leveraged firm with addition of premium for financial risk. They extended their analysis by including the effect of taxes and risky debt. Under a classical tax system, the tax deductibility of interest makes debt financing valuable. It means the increase in proportion of debt in capital decreases the cost of capital. And eventually the optimal structure would have no equity at all. Later on it was revealed that the imperfections of real world must be the cause of capital structure relevance to firm value. The trade-off and pecking order theory try to address some of these imperfections, by relaxing the M&M assumptions. Trade-off theory Trade-off theory adds another variable called financial distress in the previous studies and explains that although there is an advantage of debt financing and that reaps from the tax benefit shield. But a time come when the high debt give birth to bankruptcy cost and when the optimal level of capital structure is exceeded than the marginal benefit from the tax shield become less attractive than the cost of financial distress occurred due to debt financing. Therefore there exist an optimal debt and equity combination and companies should follow this optimal level of debt and capital ratio. This ratio is similar within one industry but may be different for different industries. The missing point of this theory is that it doesn’t explain the difference in the optimal capital structure ratio of the same industry. Pecking order theory Pecking order theory tries to capture the costs of asymmetric information. That means the managers of a company has more and complete information about the company than investors. The theory states that company’s priorities their financing sources and prefer internal source of funding to external. The hierarchy of sources is such that whenever company needs new funds it tries to fulfill its requirement first from retained earnings than from debt and raise equity as last resort. The pecking order theory is famous by Myers & Majluf(1984) when they argues that equity is a less preferred means to raise capital because when managers issue new equity, investors believe that managers think that the firm is overvalued and managers are taking advantage of this over-valuation. As a result, investors will place a lower value to the new equity issuance. The capital structuring plays vital role in the long run financial decisions of the company. In this paper my focus is on debt financing decisions of the company. I have explored why the companies use this source and what are the factors that determine company’s capital structure decision. The capital structure was firstly discussed by Modigliani & Miller in 1958. Modigliani & Miller (1958), the theorem states that, in a perfect market, how a firm is financed is irrelevant to its value. Gay B.  Hatfield (1994), demonstrated that the firms which issues debt are moving toward the industry average from below, the market will react more positively than when the firm is moving away from the industrial average on the basis of this they classified firms leverage ratios as being above or below their industry average before announcing a new debt issue. They test whether this has an effect on market return for share holders and they have founded that the relationship between a firm’s debt level and that of its industry does appear to be of concern to the market. Laurence Booth(2001), finds whether capital structure decisions differ significantly between developing and developed countries or not? He collected data of 10 developing countries by the international finance corporation and use panel data technique for comparative analysis. They found that the variables that are relevant for explaining capital structures in the United States and European countries are also relevant in developing countries. Jorgensen & Tera(2003), stated that there are many, industrial, accounting, managerial and macroeconomic factors that affect the capital structure decisions. They used sample data of capital structure determinants of 700 companies for the Latin American economies for the period 1986-2000. The study concluded that firms are impacted by company fundamental and macroeconomic forces. Deesomsak, Paudya, & Pescetto(2004), explore about capital structure for the Asian pacific countries. The countries discussed in their study are Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Australia. The study explores that environmental and operational factors affect the decisions made for capital structure. The study also investigates that financial crisis of 1997 also affect the capital structure organizations. Shah & Hijazi(2004), investigate the performance of non financial firms for the Pakistan perspective. The observed variables for capital structure are debt ratio, size, growth, leverage and profitability. The results show that there is a positive relationship between size and leverage. The growth is negatively correlated to leverage and the study finds consistent relationship between profitability and leverage. Shah & Khan(2007), investigate the relationship between firm fundamental factors and leverage ratios for the period of 1994 to 2002. They used pool regression model to achieve their purpose. The findings show that earning volatility and depreciation variable are not correlated to leverage ratio. The agency theory is lead by growth factor and pecking order theory bear out by profitability variable. The trade off theory is lead by firm’s size. Daskalakisa & Psillaki(2008), investigate the small and medium firms of Greek and French industries for the period of 1998 to 2002. The similar factors of the firms are used in this study because the same capital structure is employed in these two countries. There is a negative relationship among asset structure, profitability and leverage. The study finds that growth of France industry is statistically significant compare to Greek industry market. The study argues that there are firm specific differences among the countries non country factors. Psillak & Daskalakis(2009) studied small and medium size firm’s performance. The capital structure determinants are size, growth, profitability and risk. The results show that small and medium entrepreneurs affect the performance in a same way. The study explore there is a positive relationship between size and leverage and a negative relationship among growth, profitability and risk factors. Dilek Teker(2009), investigate the fundamentals of the capital structure theories, they assumed determinants can be related to find out whether some priori assumed macroeconomic determinants can be related to leverage parameters of interest or not. For this purpose, they conducted an empirical research that covers 42 selected firms traded at the Istanbul Stock Exchange ISE-100 index. Following the developments in the contemporaneous estimation techniques that allow us to use time series and cross section data concurrently, the panel data methodology has been applied to the actual data to compute the leverage ratios for each firm within the time period 2000-2007. From this, they highlight the issue of what properties the leverage ratios have and to satisfy our interest about how can the macroeconomic determinants affect the leverage ratios under various groupings such as tangibility, size, growth opportunities, profitability and non debt tax shields. Our main results return on assets and tangibility of assets have a positive and statistically significant impact on the firm’s leverage ratio, while the ratio of total depreciation to total assets and profit margin on sales seem to have some negative and significant impacts on Firms’ leverage degree. Tugba Bas(2009), worked on determinants of capital structure of small and medium enterprises in emerging markets. They used pooled data for 25 countries obtained from World Bank enterprises survey and applied panel data OLS technique for analysis. They found that tangibility is inversely related with leverage hence opposite for small firms. Profitability follows the pecking order theory and is also negative related. Firm size and GDP growth has positive relation with leverage. Inflation has negative impact on the leverage but interest rates pose positive relationship. Shun-Yu Chen(2011), the purpose of this paper is, to present empirical evidence on the determinants of capital structure and firm value in a newly industrialized country. The firm characteristics are analyzed as determinants of capital structure according to different explanatory theories. The findings of this study suggest that firm size, profitability and asset structure can be considered explanatory variables of capital structure. The firm size, profitability and capital structure affect book value. So the determinants of market value are profitability and firm size. Furthermore the capital structure negatively affects market value in electronic firms, but does not affect market value in non-electronic ones.

Marketing Analysis Marketing Audit - 1229 Words

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Marketing inspects the functionalities of the company’s marketing department by comparing the plans with its actual performance of current marketing activities. Specifically, it figure outs the strengths and weaknesses of a company s product being marketed. It provides appropriate recommendations to reduce product’s weaknesses and guides towards appropriate marketing strategies and plans to change firm’s current marketing environment. Company can implement the changes to control its own marketing expenses. According toShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Marketing Audit Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesviews on Marketing Audit. As we all know, Marketing Audit is a systematic, critical and appraisal of the total marketing operation of the objectives and policies and the assumptions which underlie them as well as the methods, procedures, personnel and organization employed to implement the poli cies and achieve the objectives. 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(Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead Morebusiness1116 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ BTEC Centre Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College Unit Unit 19: Marketing Planning Class 2011 HND Marketing Assignment A1: Compiling Marketing Audits and Examining Barriers in Marketing Date issued Apr 28, 2014 Date deadline Apr 19, 2014 Tutor BAO Yinglei IV QIU Ling Declaration: I am aware that cheating and plagiarism will not be tolerated in any assignment and that this work complies with the requirements. Student’s Signatureï ¼Å¡ (In Pinyin)